![]() ![]() The first type of chokepoints concerns connectors along major oceans and seas. The most important since they offer limited cost-effective maritime shipping alternatives, which would seriously impair global trade if disrupted. They are labeled as chokepoints and can be classified into two main categories: ![]() Core routes are those supporting the most important commercial shipping flows servicing major markets, and secondary routes are mostly connectors between smaller markets.ĭue to geography, geopolitics, and trade flows, specific locations play a strategic role in the global maritime network. As a result, maritime routes try to follow the great circle distance. Physical constraints (coasts, winds, marine currents, depth, reefs, ice) and political borders also play an essential role in shaping maritime routes. Maritime routes are shaped by obligatory points of passage, which are strategic locations that act as chokepoints. Trans-Indian ocean traffic is dominantly intermediary traffic between Pacific Asia and Europe, implying a series of clearly defined routes between the Strait of Malacca and Bab el-Mandeb. ![]() Transatlantic and transpacific traffic concerns a wide variety of ports, so there are numerous routes, most of them having a path along the great circle. These routes support the bulk of the traffic, but numerous other routes exist (namely for coastal shipping), depending on the origin and destination of the maritime shipment. The main axis is a circum-equatorial corridor linking North America, Europe, and Pacific Asia through the Suez Canal, the Strait of Malacca, and the Panama Canal. There are potentially an infinite number of maritime shipping routes that can be used for maritime shipping, but the global system configuration is relatively simple. The Spilhaus projection is centered on Antarctica and displays all the world’s oceans as a single continuous body of water. Note: The terms bottleneck or choke point are also commonly used. ![]()
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